Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13.4, Problem 1CS
Non-coding RNAs and Protein Sorting
Core Skill: Connections Refer back to Figure 4.32. Which types of proteins need SRP to reach their proper location, and which do not?
Figure 4.32 Three pathways for protein sorting in a eukaryotic cell. Proteins either remain in the cytosol, are sorted to the ER (cotranslational sorting), or are sorted after they are completely synthesized (post-translational sorting).
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Learning Task 3: TRACE THE CODE
dentify the amino acids coded for by the MRNA codon using the Genetic Code
Table below.
Order of bases
in mRNA
(codon)
AUC
Order or bases
Order of bases Amino acid Coded
in DNA
in tRNA
into Proteins
TAG
CAT
GC
СА
UAC
Methionine
Valine
Procedures:
Copy and fill in the table
Refer to the Genetic Code table to identify the amino acid.
To determine the order of bases in the first column (DNA), second column
1.
2.
3.
(codon) and third column (anticodon), consider the complementary base pairs in
DNA adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
4
Example, AUG using the Genetic Code Table. Look for the first letter of the MRNA
codon on the left side of the genetic code table (A). The second letter of the MRNA
on the second letter column (U) and the third letter on the right-side column (G).
AUG codes for the amino acid methionine.
To identify the amino acid. Look at the bases in the MRNA codon.
5.
Do the same with the other codons in the chart.…
Concept Overview: Protein Synthesis
Task 2: Review the process of protein synthesis by placing the cards in their appropriate category.
Think before you drop - This is an all or nothing type of question. Double check that you are happy with where you placed all of the options before you submit the knowledge
check.
Transcription
Translation
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Possible answers
DNA is copied into MRNA
Involves tRNA
| Occurs in the mitochondria
Information in MRNA is used to produce a protein
Occurs in the nucleus
Involves mRNA
Utilizes ribosomes
Involves DNA polymerase
Involves RNA polymerase
Occurs in the cytoplasm
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Order+the+following+of+protein+sentesis+sequence+from+earliest: (a)tRNA molecule bring specific amino acids to he mRNA molecule. b)mRNA nucleotides join with exposed DNA bases and form a molecule of mRNA.(c)The two stands of a DNA molecule separate. (d)Peptide bonds form between the amino acids. (e)the mRNA molecule leave the nucleus. (f) a ribosome attached to the mRNA molecule.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1EQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2EQCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3EQCh. 13.3 - Effects of Non-coding RNAs on Translation and mRNA...Ch. 13.4 - Non-coding RNAs and Protein Sorting Core Skill:...Ch. 13.5 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1TYCh. 13 - Prob. 2TY
Ch. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Prob. 4TYCh. 13 - Prob. 5TYCh. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - With regard to miRNAs and siRNAs, which of the...Ch. 13 - Cas1 and Cas2 proteins play a role during which of...Ch. 13 - Which of the following components bind to...Ch. 13 - Abnormalities in the expression of ncRNAs are...Ch. 13 - An ncRNA may have one or more of the following...Ch. 13 - What is RNA interference (RNAi)? Explain how the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CQCh. 13 - Prob. 1COQCh. 13 - Go to the PubMed website and search for non-coding...
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- VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows the relationships among the following: RNA, translation, DNA, transcription, and polypeptide.arrow_forwardWorksheet (Nucleic Acid) Name: Section: Date: This activity uses the metaphor of decoding a secret message for the Protein Synthesis. PARTIALLY SOLVED MESSAGE GIVEN: DNA code message --> GAA TAG AAA CTT ACT TAG AGC ATT CCT GCC CTT CGA TGC ATC SOLUTION (steps 1-4) 1. MRNA (built to match the DNA message, letter for letter---- → CUU AUC UUU GAA UGA AUC UCG 2. TRNA (determined by matching letters (bases) with those in mRNA)--- GAA UAG AAA CUU ACU UAG BBEE B 3. Amino acids carried by L I P G I each tRNA (according to dictionary, below)-----------> e S h e 4. Symbols of amino acids:--→ L F Earrow_forward+ Objective 11: Using the genetic code, demonstrate understanding of translation by converting a sequence of DNA nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids. Use the following sequence of DNA nucleotides as an example: DNA triplets: mRNA codons: Amino Acids: ACG-TTC-CAT-GCA I Objective 12: Explain the process of translation including where it occurs in the cell.arrow_forward
- QOD #6 Directions: Label the illustration below using the following terms: MRNA, ÉRNA, rRNA/ribosome, transcription, translation, codon, polypeptide chain/protein. Each term will only be used once.arrow_forwardExercise In this exercise we will practice transcribing and translating sample DNA. Using your sample DNA, unzipped and second strand removed, you will first create an RNA strand (transcription). DNA is read in the 5' → 3' direction, so when you create RNA, a 3'end pairs with the 5' end of DNA. From your RNA strand, you will need to create codons; remember that a codon is a group of 3 bases that codes for a specific amino acid. Your codons are read in the 5' → 3' direction (hint: it might be right to left!). You will then need to convert your codons into amino acids in the 5' → 3' direction (translation). DNA strand 3' TAC-TTA-CGA-TGG-TAC-ACG-CAA-TCT-ATA-CTC-AAA-TAT-AGG-ACC-TTG-ACG-TCG-AAT-CTC-CAC-TGT-ACC-TTG-AAC-CTG-ACT 5' RNA strand 5'-AUG-AAU Amino acid sequence G ne (9)arrow_forwardSAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice Pays Student Handout Having studied the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, you should be ready to decode some DNA "secret" messages. To do this, you must follow the procedure of protein synthesis as this is taking place right now in your cells; no short cuts! Practice these steps by following and finishing the partially solved message below. STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) that would fit the mRNA triplets (letter by letter). STEP 3: Look up each tRNA codon in the tRNA Dictionary (below), and find the corresponding symbol and amino acid abbreviation for that codon. Record that one-letter symbol (and its amino acid) below each codon. "Spc" = "space". If you have done this…arrow_forward
- Gene Expression: Illustrate some steps involved in RNA processing and identify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain corresponding to the codons in the mRNA. Procedure and Questions: The following segment of DNA codes for a protein. The uppercase letters represent exons. The lowercase letters represent introns. The lower strand is the template strand. 1. Indicate the 3’ and 5’ ends of both strands. G C T A T A A T G G C A a a a t t g G G T C A G G C A a a t c g a C A T A G C T G A C G G g g a t g a G G T T A A C G A T A T T A C C G T t t t a a c C C A G T C C G T t t a g c t G T A T C G A C T G C C c c t a c t C C A A T T 2. Write the pre-mRNA molecule. Indicate the 3’ and 5’ ends. 3. Write the mRNA molecule. Indicate the 3’ and 5’ ends. 4. Write the tRNA anticodons corresponding to the codons in the mRNA. 5. Write the sequence of amino acids in the resulting polypeptidearrow_forwardSAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice Pays Having studied the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, you should be ready to decode some DNA "secret" messages. To do this, you must follow the procedure of protein synthesis as this is taking place right now in your cells; no short cuts! Practice these steps by following and finishing the partially solved message below. STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) which would fit the mRNA triplets (letter by letter). STEP 3: Look up each tRNA codon in the tRNA Dictionary (below), and find the corresponding symbol and amino acid abbreviation for that codon. Record that one-letter symbol (and its amino acid) below each codon. "Spc" = "space". If you have done this correctly, the…arrow_forwardI need help with a matching biology question: This is a single stranded molecule that in Eukaryotes passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This makes up the ribosomal subunits and reads the mRNA. They carry amino acids during the process of translation. The structure is the site of translation. This is the enzyme complex that is used to copy DNA during transcription matched with: ribosome mRNA rRNA tRNA RNA polymerasearrow_forward
- Practice HW make a nucleotide sequence (Template strand and Coding strand) of at least 15 base pairs for each of these steps to show your understanding of how genetic information is stored and used within a cell make sure that there are start and stop positions and note the direction of the sequence--- 5’ to 3’ or 3’ to 5.arrow_forwardAfter isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the rest of cytoplasm, you purify the rnas attached to it. What protein/s do you expect these rnas encode? Soluble secreted proteins ER membrane proteins Plasma membrane proteins and ER membrane proteins ER membrane proteins, Soluble secreted proteins, Plasma membrane proteins Plasma membrane proteinsarrow_forwardINSTRUCTION: = IF BOTH STATEMENT ARE TRUE = IF FIRST STATEMENT IS TRUE WHILE SECOND STATEMENT IS FALSE = IF FIRST STATEMENT IS FALSE WHILE SECOND STATEMENT IS TRUE = IF BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE STAMENT 1: Amino acyl tRNA synthase is the enzyme responsible for joining amino acid together STAMENT 2: Nucleus is the part of the cell where translation takes place ANSWER: STAMENT 1: DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds initially is called promoter sequences STAMENT 2: UV light causes adenine to dimerize ANSWER: STAMENT 1: Guanosine is the name of the compound formed when guanine is bonded to ribose STAMENT 2: DNA pairing is the term that refers to the process when two complementary and single stranded DNA combine ANSWER:arrow_forward
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