Write the answer of each of the following questions in brief with respect to OSI layer model: Transmission of bit stream across physical medium Answer:
Q: What is the OSPF cost for T-1 link (bandwidth 1.544 Mbps) given the reference bandwidth of 100 Mbps?…
A: What is the OSPF cost for T-1 link (bandwidth 1.544 Mbps) given the reference bandwidth of 100 Mbps?…
Q: Delimiting and synchronization of data exchange is provided by a. Application layer b. Session layer…
A: Here we have given four option and we have to find which layer have the functionality of delimiting…
Q: Suppose a switch is built using a computer workstation and that it can forward packets at a rate of…
A: given bandwidth of main memory is 2 Gbps I/O bus is used to access the memory. I/O bus speed is…
Q: What concerns the physical layer about bit-by-bit delivery?
A: Given:
Q: If we now assume that K=10, RS = 100 Mbps, Rd= 100 Mbps, and R = 0.5 Gbps. What are the new…
A: answer : 1. Consider the given data The number of nodes K = 10 The capacity of link of the source…
Q: Transport layer functions are implemented primarily at the interconnecting devices in the network
A: Solution :
Q: HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) is a group of protocols or rules for transmitting data between…
A: It is defined as High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) which is known as a group of communication…
Q: List and explain each of the OSI model layer’s components
A: each of the OSI model layer’s components
Q: The physical layer concerns with bit-by-bit delivery why?
A: In this answer I will be discussing about the Physical layer in OSI model.
Q: Describe OSI model 1 layer only
A: Open Systems Interconnection model is a conceptual framework that characterises and standardises…
Q: Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model: Route determination ii. Flow control…
A: The complete answer is given below .
Q: If the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer technology…
A: GIVEN: If the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer…
Q: Explain why the following claim should be accepted as true: When compared to a two-channel system…
A: Given: Customers' origins and the whole procedure are two components of the total. When there are…
Q: The physical layer is concerned with the movement of bits over the physical medium. Clarify?
A: The physical layer is concerned with the movement of bits over the physical medium. Clarify?
Q: Question 1: Explain Difference between Circuit Switching, and Packet Switching. And also what are…
A: ANSWER 1 : difference between circuit switching and packet switching : S.No parameters…
Q: Why is the physical layer worried about bit-by-bit delivery?
A: It is the Physical layer of the OSI model that I will be covering in this section of the response.…
Q: The physical layer concerns with a. bit-by-bit delivery b. NONE OF THE ABOVE
A: Given question is come from physical layer delivery of data.
Q: The physical layer concerns with bit-by-bit delivery
A: Given that, The physical layer concerns with "bit-by-bit delivery".
Q: Explain how the Stop-and-Wait protocol in the Data Link layer detects duplicate retransmissions of…
A: Answer: For transmitting data across noiseless channels, a data link layer protocol known as Stop…
Q: 13)Which media communication type does not require media arbitration in the data link layer? a.…
A: Half-Duplex: In this both sender and receiver can transmit and receive data but not at the same…
Q: For the dynamic channel allocation protocols of the datalink layer, discuss the difference between…
A: 1-persistent CSMA : In 1-persistent CSMA, station consistently faculties channel to check its state…
Q: Assume that the hidden layer uses ReLU, whereas the output layer uses sigmoid activation. Assume SSE…
A: The answer is
Q: Which statement is true about media access control? Select one or more: a. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD.…
A: A MAC address is a unique address which distinguishes different interface .
Q: Find the new durations for a) the input bit duration, b) the output bit duration, c bit rate, and d)…
A: When there are four channels then each frame will carry 2 bytes from each Channel A)Therefore 2byte…
Q: Q.4: Explain how Files or Applications Data are converted into bits in OSI Model, also mention the…
A: Ans 4) part a) Methodology of how files data are converted into bits in OSI model,please refer…
Q: Figure has been attached A) List down the functionality of each layer of a OSI model.( Do not write…
A: Solution: A) Functions of OSI model: 1.Physical Layer: Line Configuration Data Transmission…
Q: Write the answer of each of the following questions in brief with respect to OSI layer model: 1.…
A: The Answer is in given below step
Q: If the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer technology…
A: Answer: Given Physical layer =80 Bytes And maximum data rate 10MBPs from experimental data
Q: 5. Assume that there are five 1 kbps connections to be multiplexed together. A unit is 1 bit. Find…
A: Ques 5). Before Solving the question we need to know that "what is multiplexing?". "It is the set…
Q: Explain the datagram approach and virtual circuit approach to transfer the packets from source to…
A: There are two modes for the transmission of data from one user to another user these are datagram…
Q: 6. State the difference between the architecture of TDMA and GSM and explain TDMA architecture. 7.…
A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: If the data link layer can detect errors between hops, why do you think we need another checking…
A: Data link-layer The data connection layer is a layer of the protocol in the system that controls…
Q: 2. Consider a bus-topology network with five stations. A reservation access method is used. Each…
A: Throughput is the amount of data that can be transmitted through a network in a given time frame.…
Q: The distance from earth to a distant planet is approximately 9 x 10^10 m. What is the channel…
A: Answer the above questions are as follows:
Q: basic data link layer principles (e.g. PPP if modems, maximum frame size in byte, maximum header…
A: Here basic question about Ethernet or CSMA/CA or CSMA/CD is asked , in which we have to tell the…
Q: Write four functions of the data link layer. What is the importance of calculating minimum hamming…
A: Given: Create four data link layer functions. What is the significance of determining the minimum…
Q: Assume the usage of Code-division multiple access (CDMA) protocol to share the available bandwidth…
A: Chip sequence is given below for each station
Q: sume that data rate for each input connection in figure above is 5 Mbps. A unit is 1 bit. nd the new…
A: 6c Frame rate = Data rate from each Channel x byte carried by each frame = 50 x 2 =100 frame /…
Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both Byte Count and Byte Stuffing framing techniques of…
A: Advantages of byte stuffing framing technique of data link layer are : End and start can be easily…
Q: two methods for generating an SSB signal ? and What is the relation between transmitted power of…
A: We need to name the two methods for generating an SSB signal. And, finds the relation between…
Q: The physical layer is concerned with bit transmission through physical media. Clarify?
A: Introduction: Correction: The physical layer in networking is responsible for delivering bits from…
Q: In following Figure, assume that the communication is between a processes running at Computer A with…
A: GIVEN: In the following Figure, assume that the communication is between a process running at…
Q: f the maximum transfer unit i.e. maximum Frame Size, for the considered Physical layer technology 80…
A: Answer: Given Physical layer has 80 bytes. We consider maximum Frame size is 1522 Bytes.
Q: Propose an architecture of a two-layer feedforward network with a sigmoid transfer function in the…
A: All static models are configured as feedforward networks with straight inner and outer layers and a…
Q: 14. List and briefly describe the function of each layer of three-layer architecture. On what type…
A: The Answer is in given below steps
Q: State two major requirements on practically applicable codes used in CDMA networks, and analyse the…
A: CDMA stands for code division multiple access and is a digital cellular technology used for mobile…
Q: For each of the following networks, discuss the consequences if a connection fails - five devices…
A: The Answer is in Below Steps :-
Q: 1. In this scenario, assume you are working on the link layer protocol using Stop-and-Wait ARQ data…
A: Given that, Bandwidth= 500 Mbps Distance= 3057 Km Speed= 2.2*108 m/s a) Bandwidth delay is also…
Q: Frames of 1000 bits are sent over a 106 bps duplex link between two hosts. The propagation time is…
A: Introduction :Given ,Frame size = 1000 bits link speed = 106 bps duplex linkpropagation time is 25…
Write the answer of each of the following questions in brief with respect to OSI layer model:
- Transmission of bit stream across physical medium
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- Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During each time slot 8 bits are sent. What is the shortest time possible (in seconds) to transmit a 1 Mbyte file over the given link?Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240 millisecond end-to-end delay. The data frames carry a useful payload of size 12,000 bits. Assume that both ACK and data frames have 320 bits of header information, and that ACK frames carry no data. What is the effective data throughput When using Stop and Wait?For the following stream of digital signal which is being transmitted by bit rate 5 Kbps: 101100000000110 a) Draw the waveform for all line codes you studied. b) Determine if the line code is self synchronized or not. c) Determine if the code can be used with ac coupling or not d) Determine the Bandwidth of the line code e) Which code is used in magnetic recording f) Which code is used in LAN
- Assignment #1 For the following stream of digital signal which is being transmitted by bit rate 5 Kbps: 101100000000110 a) Draw the waveform for all line codes you studied. b) Determine if the line code is self synchronized or not. c) Determine if the code can be used with ac coupling or not d) Determine the Bandwidth of the line code e) Which code is used in magnetic recording f) Which code is used in LANFor the following two (2) questions, assume that the link layer uses the flag bits with bit stuffing approach for framing, with the following details: The beginning and end of a data frame are indicated by the special flag bits 01111110 (i.e., 0x7E). To handle accidental occurrence of the flag bits within the data, a 0 bit is stuffed every time 5 consecutive 1s are found in the data. For simplicity, assume that no other header/trailer information is added to the data. 1. The following bit stream represents data that needs to be framed by the link layer on the sender’s side. Derive the resultant bit stream by adding necessary flag bits and performing bits stuffing. 0111110001010011111111100101111111111110 2. The following bit stream represents data received by the link layer of a computer. For simplicity, assume that there are no errors in the bit stream. Retrieve the original data from this received bit stream. 01111110010111101111101100101001111101101111110The physical layer concerns with bit-by-bit delivery
- III. The figure below shows synchronous TDM, the data rate for each input connection is 1 Mbps. If 1 bit at a time is multiplexed, Find (a) the input bit duration, (b) the output bit duration, (c) the output bit rate, and (d) the output frame rate. ... 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mbps 0 0 0 0 0 1 Mbps Frames 01010001110100010101 ... MUX 1 0 1 0 1 1 Mbps *** 0 0 1 0 0 1 MbpsConsider the following scenario: Frames of 12000 bits are sent over a 400kbps channel using a satellite whose propagation delay is 270ms. Acknowledgements are always piggybacked onto data frames. (That is, in the case of stop-and-wait, the next frame cannot be transmitted until the entire frame containing the acknowledgement is received.) Five-bit sequence numbers are used. What is the maximum achievable channel utilization for (a) Stop-and-wait. (b) Protocol 5 (i.e., Go Back N). (c) Protocol 6 (i.e., Selective Repeat)Computer Science A Go-Back-N (GBN) ARQ scheme has been designed with window-size W = 10 such that it is fully efficient when there are no errors on the channel. Assume that frame size is 20000 bits and the overhead bits are negligible. What is the bit probability error (as seen at Layer 2) that makes the Go-Back-N ARQ 50% efficient?
- Consider a bus network with two computers connected shown below: -d m- -X m- A В Rate: R1 Mbps Rate: R2 Mbps Velocity of Propagation: v2 m/s Velocity of Propagation: v, m/s The two computers A and B transmit at two different bandwidths R1 and R2 respectively. The signals transmitted from each computers travel over the bus with different propagation speeds vi m/s and v2 m/s respectively. (Note: This is a hypothetical scenario) Each computer transmits only one bit at the same instance of time. a) Show the distance X m from Computer A where the collision of the two bits occur is R2 vid + Viv2 X = \Vị + v2, R1R2 Vị + v2. b) If, both the computers transmit with the bandwidth R and both signals travel with a propagation speed v, determine X.Explain Error Detection and Correction bits (EDC) in data link layer with the help of basic diagram.Suppose you are designing a sliding window protocol for a 2Mbps point to point link to the moon, which has a one way latency of 10 sec. Assume that, each frame carries 1KB of data, what is the minimum number of bits you need for the sequence number?