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- 1. Calculate the pH of a 0.05 M solution of HCl. 2. Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M solution of NaOH. 3. Calculate the pH of an acetic acid solution in which [CH3COO - ] = 0.037 M and [CH3COOH] = 0.044 M. (pKa = 4.76) 4. You are conducting a biochemical experiment with an enzyme that has optimal activity at pH = 10.00. You decide to use carbonate (pKa1 = 6.38, pKa2 = 10.30) as the buffer to keep the pH stable throughout the enzymatic reaction. (Recall that the formula for carbonic acid is H2CO3.) You prepare a 0.5 M solution of carbonate buffer at pH = 10.00. Calculate the concentrations of the major carbonate species in your solution. 5. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution in which [H3PO4] = 0.038 M and [H2PO4 - ] = 0.046 M (pKa1 = 2.12, pKa2 = 7.21, pKa3 = 12.32). 6. Add 5.0 mL of 0.1 M NaOH to 80 mL of buffer from question 5 and calculate the pH.5. Consider the reaction for assembly of a tetrapeptide from for amino acids: Serine + Proline + Alanine + Methionine ----> SPAM tetrapeptide Is this reaction anabolic or catabolic? Is this a positive or negative delta G reaction? List at least three other terms you could use to describe this reaction. 6. Consider the reaction: Glutamic acid + Ammonia + ATP ----> Glutamate + ADP + Pi Is this reaction anabolic or catabolic? Is this a positive or negative delta G reaction? This is actually an example of a coupled reaction! Briefly, explain why reaction coupling is required, and how it works in this example.1. Examine the synthetic glycoprotein, Molecule A, shown below: Protein- OH OH OH OH OH ÓH OH Molecule A OH Draw the structures of the products obtained when Molecule A reacts under the following conditions. Justify your answer. If no reaction occurs, explain why. The monosaccharide rings that have not reacted may be represented by an “R" group. Mechanisms are not required. (а) Ammonium Carbonate, 5 days. (b) Excess Sodium Periodate. (c) 2,3-dinitrophenyl hydrazine under reductive amination conditions. NO2 O2N. „NHNH2 2,3-dinitrophenyl hydrazine
- 3. Consider the following amino acid: HS. OH NH2 a. Draw this structure in a solution of potassium hydroxide. b. Draw this structure in a solution of hydrochloric acid c. Draw this structure as a zwitterion. d. If the pKa of the carboxylic acid group is 2.46 and the pka of the amine group is 9.41, calculate the isoelectric point of this amino acid.4. Consider the amino acid aspartic acid for this problem. Aspartic acid can be considered a triprotic acid with three ionizable protons with pka's of 1.99, 3.90, and 9.90. When fully protonated aspartic acid has a charge of +1. a. Sketch the titration curve of aspartic acid from pH values of 0.0 to 14.0 below. b. Suppose you began your titration with 10.0 mM aspartic acid. Complete the following concentration table as a function of pH (the first row is "-1" species "-2" species + provided to help you get started): pH 0.0 1.99 2.99 9.90 10.90 "+1" species "0" (neutral species) 0 10.0 mM 0 c. Calculate the isoelectric point of aspartic acid: 0 d. At what pH do you think aspartic acid is least soluble? Explain briefly.You are studying a novel amino acid. It has an alpha-amino and an alpha-carboxylic group, and an ionizable side chain that carries a carboxylic group. A titration curve is shown below. Net charge a CD f 0 1 2 3 4 5 +1 [Select] 0 [Select] 6 7 pH Choose the letter that corresponds to the following charges on this novel acid. +2 [Select] -0.5 [ [Select] -1 [Select] 8 -2 [Select] I 9 10 11 12 13
- 1.Name the type of bond that links a.A nucleotide to another nucleotide in a DNA molecule b. A nitrogenous base to a ribose sugar in an RNA molecule 2.Draw the structures of the amino acids tyrosine and aspartic acid 3.Briefly explain how enzymwe descrease the activation energy of biocchemical reactions 4.A nucleic acid has 13% of adenine. Determine the composition of guanine , cytosine and thymine 5.What are the forces that stabilizedouble stranded DNA? 6.Provide the structures and functions of three biochemically important disaccharides 7.What arethe structural and functional differences between starch and celluloseWhich of the following shows the reaction by which valine and leucine form a peptide bond H. H. H O -COO H2N-C-C-NH- C- C-OH + HO CH2 CH,SH ČH3 А. C. CH(CH)2 H. HN-C-C-NH-C- C-OH H,N-CH-C- + H,O HC-C-H CH2 CH2 H CH3 CH H,C-C-H CH(CH3)2 CH В. D.15. Coupling Redox reactions The top reaction was left out of the table. It is: 1202 + 2H+ → H₂O E'o 0.816 V Determine if the reaction given will proceed in the direction written under standard conditions. Circle YES if it does. Circle NO if it doesn't. E'o acceptor - E'o donor = AE'o AG=nFAE'o F = Faraday's constant: 96.48 kJ/mol n = # electrons transferred Pyruvate + NADH + H+ lactate + NAD+ YES NO E. Pyruvate + B-hydroxybutyrate → lactate + acetoacetate YES NO Standard Reduction Potentials of Some Biologically Important Half-Reactions E" (V) 0.816 0.771 NO₂+H₂O 0.421 0.365 0.36 0.35 0.295 0.29 0.254 0.22 0.077 0.045 0.031 0.000 -0.015 -0.166 -0.185 -0.197 -0.219 -0.243 -0.29 -0.320 -0.324 -0.346 -0.38 -0.414 -0.432 TABLE 13-7 Half-reaction Fe +e-Fe" NO, +2H+2e Cytochrome f(Fe) + → cytochrome f(Fe**) Fe(CN) (ferricyanide) + e Cytochrome a, (Fe) +→ cytochrome a, (Fe²*) O₂ + 2H+2e-H₂O, Cytochrome a (Fe) +e- cytochrome a (Fe²) Cytochrome c (Fe) + e cytochrome c (Fe**) Cytochrome c,…
- adenine molecule ii. NH2 N- НО-Р—О—Р—О—Р—О. ОН ОН ОН i. Phosphate chain ОН ОН iii ribose sugarRemember that DNA is a sequence of the letters A,C,T, and G. A binds with T and C binds with G. Solutions are specified by the DNA sequence, such as ACAC or TG, and by the concentration in units of micromolar (uM = 10-M) Consider mixing 30ml of 0.30µM ACAC with 45ml of 0.50pM TG. Predict what reactants and products should be present in the final solution and then check your answer in the virtual lab. (Please give your final answer in total nanomoles (10 moles) for each species in the solution)30. The shown structure is a cyclic D-monosaccharide. Which of the following statements is true? HOCH₂ H OH H OH OH CH₂OH A. The chemical can react with methanol to form a hemiacetal in solution without forming an open chain structure B. The chemical needs to form an open chain structure to be able to react with methanol to produce a glycosidic linkage in solution C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B