Consider the three player normal form game described by the payoff matrices below. Players 1 and 2 have two choices each while player 3 has three choices. Player 3 choices correspond to each of the three matrices. Player 3 chooses U: L 1,0.1 0,1,0 0,1,0 1,0,0 Player 3 chooses M: 1,1,1 -1,-1,1 -1,-1,1 1,1,1 Player 3 chooses D: R 1,0,0 0,1,1 0,1,0 1.0.0 Which of the following statements is true?
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- Consider the below payoff matrix for a game of chicken. Two players drive their cars down the center of the road directly at each other. Each player chooses SWERVE or STAY. Staying wins you more payoff only if the other player swerves. Swerving loses face if the other player stays. However, the worst outcome is when both players stay. Stay Swerve Stay -0,-0 -6,6 Swerve 6,-6 9,9 Player 1 chooses rows and Player 2 chooses columns. Denote the probability of "Stay" for Player 1 as p and for Player 2 as 9. What is the value of p so that Player 2 is indifferent between Stay and Swerve? Write your answer as a decimal number with 2 decimal places (e.g. 0.05)Consider a game in which there is $4 to be divided, and the first mover is only permitted to make one of three proposals: (a) $3 for the first mover and $1 for the second mover, (b) $2 for each, or (c) $1 for the first movier and $3 for the second mover. The second mover is shown the proposal and can either accept, in which case it is implemented, or reject and cause each to earn $0. Show this game in extensive (tree) form. Be sure to show the payoffs for each person, with the first mover listed on the left, for each of the six terminal nodes.Consider a game between player A with a choice between moves d₁, d2 and d3, and player B with a choice between 81, 82 and 83, and the following pay-off matrix: 81 82 83 d₁ (3,2) (2,0) (1,-1) d2 (1,0) (3,1) (2,-2) d3 (0,0) (2,3) (1,2) Is that game solvable? (We consider strong Pareto optimality for that question.) Oa. The game is solvable in the strict sense, with solutions (d₁, 1, (d2, 62) O b. The game is solvable in the strict sense, with solution (d₁, 81) О с. The game is solvable in the completely weak sense, with solutions (d₁, 1), (d2, 82) The game is solvable in the strict sense, with solutions (d1, 61), (d3, 82), (d2, 82) Od. O e. The game is solvable in the completely weak sense, with solutions (d₁, 81), (d3, 82), (d2, 62), (d3, 83) O f. The game is not solvable Og. The game is solvable in the completely weak sense, with solutions (d₁, 61), (d3, 62), (d2, 82) Oh. The game is solvable in the strict sense, with solutions (d1, 81), (d3, 82)
- Please find herewith a payoff matrix. In each cell you find the payoffs of the players associated with a particular strategy combination: The first entry is the payoff of player 1, the second entry is the payoff of player2. Player 2 t1 t2 t3 Player 1 S1 3, 4 1, 0 5, 3 S2 0, 12 8, 12 4, 20 S3 2, 0 2, 11 1, 0 Suppose both players select their strategies (S1, S2 or S3 for player 1 and t1, t2 or t3 for player 2) simultaneously and that the game is played once. In your explanation to the questions below, please do refer to the figures in the matrix. Suppose player 2 could move before player 1 (i.e. has a first mover advantage). In your explanation to the questions below, please do refer to the figures in the matrix. What strategy would (s)he select? Is it really an ‘advantage’ for player 2 to move first? Or does player 2 benefit from being the second mover (and hence player 1 moving first)? I.e. for this question, do not make a comparison to the outcome of the…Consider two players in the game-theoretic setting below: Player 2 Choice A Choice B Choice 20 |-30 A -20 30 Player 1 Choice |-30 40 B 30 -40 What is the (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium? There are more than one (pure-strategy) Nash equilibria. O (P1, P2) = (A, B) is the only (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium. O (P1, P2) = (A, A) is the only (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium. O There is no (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium. O (P1, P2) = (B, A) is the only (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium. (P1, P2) = (B, B) is the only (pure-strategy) Nash equilibrium.Consider the Normal Form Game characterized in the following figure: P1 \ P2 A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 (-1,1) (0,0) (1,-1) (2,0) (-2,-2) (2,7) (-1,-1) (-1,1) (5,7) (3,5) (0,0) (0,8) (0,3) (-1,-1) (10,2) (0,0) Which is the set of rationalizable actions? O (A2, A4)x(B2, B3) O (A1, A2)x(B1, B2, B4) O (A1, A3)x(B1, B4) O (A1, A3, A4}x{B1, B3)
- (d) Consider a simultaneous-move game between two firms choosing to sell their product at either £6, £7 or £8. The actions and payoffs are given in the matrix below. Firm 2's Prices £6 £7 £8 Firm 1's prices £6 4, 5 3, 5 2, 1 £7 0,4 2, 1 3,0 £8 -1, 1 4, 3 0, 2 What are the Nash equilibria of this game? Game theory is often used by firms competing under an oligopoly as a means of determining their best strategy. Why is game theory a useful tool and which characteristics of an oligopoly make it particularly useful for firms competing in this market structure? One outcome of an oligopoly is that firms may have an incentive to collude. Explain some of the conditions that make collusion more likely to occur and how game theory can explain why collusive agreements often break down.W X Y Z 47, 15| 39, 41 45, 53 12, 56 In equilibrium, what is the probability that player 1 will use the pure strategy X in this game?Based on the following game, what are the secure strategies for player 1 and player 2? Player 1 S1 and 12 S1 and t1 S2 and 12 S2 and 11 s1 S2 Player 2 tl 10,15 -10,7 t2 15,8 10,20
- Consider the following game. Firm 1 can implement one of two actions, A or B. Firm 2 observes the action chosen by Firm 1 and then decides whether to fight it or not. (-10, 20) F2 Fight A Don't fight -(30, 10) Firm 1 (-10, 0) Fight B Don't fight -(20, 15) (a) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses A; Firm 2 chooses fight if A, and fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] (b) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses B; Firm 2 chooses fight if A, and don't fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] O (c) Consider the following strategy profile: Firm 1 chooses B; Firm 2 chooses don't fight if A and don't fight if B. • this strategy profile is [Select] 00 F2 ()4. You have probably had the experience of trying to avoid encountering someone, whom we will call Rocky. In this instance, Rocky is trying to find you. It is Saturday night and you are choosing which of two possible parties to attend. You like Party 1 better and, if Rocky goes to the other party, you get a payoff 20 at Party 1. If Rocky attends Party 1, however, you are going to be uncomfortable and get a payoff of 5. Similarly, Party 2 gives you a payoff of 15, unless Rocky attends, in which case the payoff is 0. Rocky likes Party 2 better, but he is likes you. He values Party 2 at 10, Party 1 at 5, and your presence at either party that he attends is worth an additional payoff of 10. You and Rocky both know each others strategy space (which party to attend) and payoffs functions.Consider a sequential game where there are two players, Jake and Sydney. Jake really likes Sydney and is hoping to run in to her at a party this weekend. Sydney can't stand Jake. There are two parties going on this weekend and each player's payoffs are a function of whether they see one another at the party. The payoff matrix is as follows: Sydney Party 1 Party 2 Party 1 6, 18 18, 6 Jake Party 2 24,8 0,24 a) Does this game have a pure strategy Nash Equilibrium? b) What is the mixed strategy Nash Equilibrium? c) Now suppose Sydney decides what party she is going to first. Her roommate is friends with Jake and will call him to tell him which party they go to. Write the extensive form of this game (game tree). d) What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium from part c?