Consider the following screening test for cancer applied to 100,000 people of whom 100 have cancer. Each test costs $6.50, picks up 75% of cancer cases., and additionally, 12% of the time, falsely diagnoses cancer. Detection of cancer (rightly or wrongly) leads to a further exact diagnostic test that costs $100. Correct early detection of cancer by the test is valued at $10,000 What is the marginal benefit of doing the test? What are the marginal costs of doing the test?

Consider the following screening test for cancer applied to 100,000 people of whom 100 have cancer. Each test costs $6.50, picks up 75% of cancer cases., and additionally, 12% of the time, falsely diagnoses cancer. Detection of cancer (rightly or wrongly) leads to a further exact diagnostic test that costs $100. Correct early detection of cancer by the test is valued at $10,000 What is the marginal benefit of doing the test? What are the marginal costs of doing the test?

EBK HEALTH ECONOMICS AND POLICY

7th Edition

ISBN:9781337668279

Author:Henderson

Publisher:Henderson

Chapter4: Economic Evaluation In Health Care

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4QAP

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You have been recruited as an expert in health economics to recommend what is the best therapy for a group of patients. In the image below you will find the decision tree showing the probabilities for different health states and outcomes for patients undergoing two possible treatments, No drug therapy and Drug therapy. Based on the expected cost, which therapy would you recommend as the least expensive? Explain how you arrived at your recommendation and show your calculations the space provided. No drug theraphy ? Drug theraphy ? HEALTH STATES PROBABILITIES Remain in Good Health 0.5 Develop disease A 0.2 Develop disease B 0.2 Die 0.1 Remain in Good Health 0.53 Develop disease A 0.16 Develop disease B 0.22 Die 0.09 OUTCOMES (Costs) $0 $400 $300 $200 SO $800 $500 $0
Consider two treatments. Treatment 1 saves one year of life at a cost of $10,000. Treatment 2 saves ten years of life at a cost of $1,000,000. Which treatment is more cost-effective? Why?
A person lives for 3 years with a disease and the current standard of care for that disease means he/she lives with a utility level of 0.7 . If that person takes a new medicine (Medicine A) because of which his/her utility level increases to 0.8, If another new medicine (Medicine B) prolongs the patient’s life by 2 years, at a utility level of 0.7,-Calculate the new QALY
Preventive care is not always cost-effective. Suppose that it costs $100 per person to administer a screening exam for a particular disease. Also suppose that if the screening exam finds the disease, the early detection given by the exam will avert $1,000 of costly future treatment. a. Imagine giving the screening test to 100 people. How much will it cost to give those 100 tests? Imagine a case in which 15 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. How much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is saved by setting up a screening system? b. Imagine that everything is the same as in part a except that now only 5 percent of those receiving the screening exam test positive. In this case, how much in future costly treatments will be averted? How much is lost by setting up a screening system?
In the RAND study, two plans had full coverage for spending within the hospital, but one had a $150 deductible for ambulatory care. Th e plan with the ambulatory care deductible had a lower probability of hospital admission (0.115) per year than did the plan with full coverage for everything (0.128), even though both plans covered hospital care fully. (See Table 5.4. Page 120 of the Textbook: Health Economics Charles) What does this tell you about the use of hospital and ambulatory. Table 5.4. Hospital use in HIS Plan Admissionsper Year Inpatient Cost(1984 Dollars) C = 0 0.128 409 C=0.5 0.092 450 C=0.95 0.099 315 $150 individual deductible 0.115 373
In the RAND study, two plans had full coverage for spending within the hospital, but one had a $150 deductible for ambulatory care. Th e plan with the ambulatory care deductible had a lower probability of hospital admission (0.115) per year than did the plan with full coverage for everything (0.128), even though both plans covered hospital care fully. (See Table) What does this tell you about the use of hospital and ambulatory. Plan Admissionsper Year Inpatient Cost(1984 Dollars) C = 0 0.128 409 C=0.5 0.092 450 C=0.95 0.099 315 $150 individual deductible 0.115 373
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if a patient pays his surgeon before she performs the surgery, is this adverse selection or moral hazzard
According to Barr, the SES into which you were born and spent your childhood has more predictive power for health as an adult than does your SES category as an adult. True False
Suppose a particular population has two kinds of health risks, high and low. Let the expected annual health care costs for the high risk be $10,000, and for the low risk, half that. If there are twice as many low risk as high risk individuals, and if the one insurer’s administrative load is 20%, what would the community rated premium be if everyone is compelled to and able to buy health insurance? Note: administrative load can be construed as the amount that the insurer has in costs to run the plans above and beyond the "health care costs."
Suppose that a course of chemotherapy costs $100,000. If given to patient A, it will increase life expectancy by one month; for patient B, by six months; for patient C, by two month; for patient D, by five months; and for patient E, by four months. The marginal cost per additional year of life for the patient most likely to benefit is and the marginal cost per additional year of life for the patient least likely to benefit is $100,000; $100,000 $100,000; $1,200,000 $200,000; $100,000 $200,000; $1,200,000
ЕОC 12.02 Suppose you are the mayor of a town and you want to increase safety at an intersection. A traffic light will increase safety and reduce fatality risk by 0.5% but costs $100,000. Suppose the value of human life is estimated at $10 million. Should you spend the money to install the traffic light? (Hint: to multiply 1% by 200 you follow this process: 0.01 x 200 = 2). Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Yes, since the expected benefit ($500,000) exceeds the cost. b Yes, since the expected benefit ($150,000) exceeds the cost. No, since the expected benefit ($50,000) is lower than the cost. d No, since the expected benefit ($15,000) is lower than the cost.