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1 SEXUAL TRAUMA Sexual Trauma in Military Members Kiwanin W. Wadley School of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University

2 SEXUAL TRAUMA Sexual Trauma in Military Members Sexual trauma is a pervasive issue within the military, a fact that has been documented extensively in research over the past several decades. With rates of sexual assault and harassment significantly higher than in civilian populations, the military environment often fails to provide the safety and support that service members deserve. According to one study, 13.9% of service members and veterans report experiencing sexual assault during their military service (1.9% of men and 23.6% of women) (Wilson, 2018). This alarming statistic underscores the prevalence of this issue within the ranks, and the profound impact it has on the lives of those who have been victimized. This trauma can have devastating consequences, impacting not just the individual's mental health but also their ability to perform their duties effectively. The military's hierarchical structure and historical attitudes towards sexual assault can contribute to a climate of impunity, making it difficult for survivors to come forward and seek help. Efforts to address this issue, such as stricter policies, increased awareness, and providing better support for survivors, are crucial to creating a safer environment for all military personnel. Research indicates that military sexual trauma (MST) is a significant issue within the armed forces. According to a meta-analysis, MST includes any incident of sexual harassment or assault during a service member's time in the military. The study suggests that military personnel are at particularly high risk of experiencing such trauma. One review of the literature on MST in men found that the rates of reported trauma varied widely, but highlighted the need for further research and improved clinical services for affected service members (Hoyt et al., 2011).

3 SEXUAL TRAUMA The high incidence of sexual trauma in the military can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors, including the hierarchical nature of the military structure, the stresses of deployment, and the often toxic dynamics within certain units. Additionally, historically, the military has struggled with addressing sexual misconduct effectively, with many survivors reporting that their reports of assault or harassment were not taken seriously or were mishandled. The consequences of military sexual trauma are far-reaching, affecting service members' mental and physical health, their ability to perform their duties, and their overall quality of life both during and after their military service. Survivors often face significant challenges in seeking help and healing, due to the stigma surrounding sexual violence, the lack of accessible support resources, and the fear of reprisal or negative career consequences. Addressing this crisis requires comprehensive reforms to military policies and culture, as well as increased investment in prevention, survivor support, and accountability measures. Types of Therapy Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has been studied as a treatment for veterans with PTSD related to military sexual trauma. This form of therapy, which is based on cognitive behavioral principles, helps individuals process and resolve traumatic memories in a structured and systematic way. By identifying and challenging maladaptive thought patterns and beliefs related to the trauma, CPT aims to reduce the

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